Mandelic Acid

Exfoliation: Mandelic acid acts as a chemical exfoliant, helping to remove dead skin cells from the surface of the skin. This process promotes cell turnover, revealing a fresher, smoother complexion. Due to its larger molecular size compared to some other alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), such as glycolic acid, mandelic acid tends to be a gentler option, making it suitable for individuals with sensitive skin.

Acne Treatment: Mandelic acid possesses antibacterial properties that make it effective in combating acne. It helps to unclog pores, reduce inflammation, and control the growth of acne-causing bacteria. Additionally, mandelic acid's exfoliating action can contribute to the prevention of new acne lesions.

Hyperpigmentation: Mandelic acid is known for its ability to address hyperpigmentation issues, such as dark spots and uneven skin tone. It inhibits the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, and promotes a more even complexion.

Fine Lines and Wrinkles: The exfoliating properties of mandelic acid contribute to the improvement of skin texture and can help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. By stimulating cell turnover, it encourages the production of new, more youthful-looking skin.

Sensitive Skin: Mandelic acid's mild nature makes it suitable for individuals with sensitive skin who may not tolerate stronger acids well. It provides the benefits of exfoliation without causing excessive irritation.

Rosacea Management: Due to its anti-inflammatory properties and gentle exfoliation, mandelic acid is sometimes used in the management of skin conditions like rosacea. It can help soothe redness and reduce inflammation.

Preventive Anti-Aging: Regular use of mandelic acid in skincare routines can contribute to the prevention of premature aging by promoting a healthy and vibrant complexion.

Choose the Right Concentration: Mandelic acid is typically formulated in concentrations of 5% to 10% for leave-on products. Higher concentrations (up to 20%) are used in professional peels. Beginners should start with lower concentrations to reduce the risk of irritation.

Check pH Levels: For mandelic acid to be effective, the formulation’s pH should be between 3.0 and 4.5. A higher pH may reduce its exfoliating properties, while a lower pH could increase irritation. Using a pH adjuster can help maintain the correct balance.

Incorporate Soothing Ingredients: Since mandelic acid can cause dryness or irritation, especially for sensitive skin, combine it with soothing ingredients like aloe vera, panthenol, or hyaluronic acid to hydrate and calm the skin.

Select a Suitable Base: Mandelic acid can be incorporated into various product bases, such as serums, toners, and gels. Water-based formulations are ideal for maximum absorption, but mandelic acid can also work in emulsions like creams or lotions.

Use Stabilisers for Long Shelf Life: To maintain the stability of mandelic acid over time, especially in formulations exposed to light and air, include antioxidants like vitamin E or stabilizing agents in your formula.

Introduce Gradually: If you’re creating products for sensitive or first-time users, suggest gradual introduction. Recommend using the product 2-3 times per week before increasing frequency to prevent over-exfoliation.

Layering with Other Actives: Mandelic acid is gentle and can be layered with other active ingredients, like niacinamide or retinol, but avoid using it with stronger exfoliants like glycolic or salicylic acid in the same routine to prevent irritation.

Ensure Proper Packaging: Mandelic acid is sensitive to air and light, so use opaque or air-tight containers to preserve its potency.

Avoid Sun Exposure: AHAs, including mandelic acid, can increase sun sensitivity. Formulate with UV-protection ingredients or recommend pairing with a broad-spectrum sunscreen in daytime routines.

Chemical Structure: Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) with the chemical formula C₈H₈O₃.

It is a benzene ring with two functional groups: a hydroxyl (-OH) group and a carboxyl (-COOH) group.

Molecular Weight: The molecular weight of mandelic acid is approximately 152.15 g/mol.

Solubility: Mandelic acid is soluble in water, alcohol, and other polar solvents.

pH Level: Mandelic acid typically has a pH level in the range of 2.5 to 4.0.

Derivation: It is naturally derived from bitter almonds, although synthetic forms are also available.

Exfoliating Properties: Mandelic acid is recognized for its larger molecular size compared to other AHAs, contributing to its slower penetration into the skin, making it a milder exfoliant.

Skin Penetration: Due to its larger molecular size, mandelic acid penetrates the skin more slowly than some other AHAs, which can make it suitable for individuals with sensitive skin.

Applications: Mandelic acid is commonly used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and peels for its exfoliating and anti-bacterial properties.

Skin Benefits: It is known to address various skincare concerns, including acne, hyperpigmentation, and fine lines, while being gentle on the skin.